Project 2.4: Integrated Investigation for Risk Assessment of the Dam

Seismic safety of dams is a critical concern in India due to their location in diverse and complex seismotectonic settings. Conventional deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses often fail to capture region-specific geological and rupture characteristics, leading to uncertainties in hazard estimation. This research proposes a comprehensive methodology to derive reliable seismic hazard values for dams by integrating regional tectonic settings, rupture parameters, recorded ground motion histories, and site-specific geological conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of developing dam-specific design spectra, accounting for near- and far-fault effects, induced seismicity, and liquefaction potential. Advanced ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) tailored to Indian conditions will be utilized to improve hazard characterization across different magnitude and distance ranges. Complementary investigations will focus on in-situ characterization of dam sites using integrated geophysical methods and artificial intelligence-based image processing to identify weak zones and quantify silt deposits. Additionally, seismic liquefaction analysis will be enhanced through advanced laboratory and in-situ testing, enabling accurate assessment of cyclic resistance and identification of liquefiable zones. Outcomes will include detailed case studies, manuals, and guidelines for seismic hazard analysis, in-situ characterization, and liquefaction assessment of dams. The research will also contribute to developing methodologies for multi-hazard risk mapping, requalification of dams under present-day conditions, and preparation of design spectra for velocity-sensitive structures. By combining geophysical testing, AI-driven analysis, and region-specific seismic modelling, the project aims to strengthen dam safety frameworks, reduce seismic risk, and provide actionable strategies for sustainable dam management in India.